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Undergraduate practice chapters

1. Undergraduate · Chapter 101

   Two-state Markov chains · Transition 1 → 2: p=0.4; Transition 2 → 1: q=0.5

   Use n=7 transitions. Find the probability of state 1, its stationary probability, and the signed convergence multiplier. Givens: Transition 1 → 2: p=0.4; Transition 2 → 1: q=0.5.

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2. Undergraduate · Chapter 102

   Uniform convolution · First uniform width a=1; Second uniform width b=2

   Evaluate at sum value s=1.8, three fifths of the support length. Find the density f_S(s), cumulative probability P(S≤s), and expected sum. Givens: First uniform width a=1; Second uniform width b=2.

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3. Undergraduate · Chapter 103

   Orthogonal projections · Vector horizontal a=-2.5; Vector vertical b=-2

   Use θ=6π/5 radians. Find both projection coordinates, the signed component along u, and the residual length. Givens: Vector horizontal a=-2.5; Vector vertical b=-2.

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4. Undergraduate · Chapter 104

   Diagonal eigenmodes · First eigenvalue a=-0.5; Second eigenvalue b=0

   Use the completed matrix transformation at the animation endpoint. Find the image of (1,1), the determinant, and the unsigned area of the square's image. Givens: First eigenvalue a=-0.5; Second eigenvalue b=0.

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5. Undergraduate · Chapter 105

   Matrix conditioning · Small diagonal entry a=0.7; Final data error b=0.4

   Use the current perturbation δ=0.24, so Δb=(0,0.24). Find the solution perturbation and the Euclidean condition number κ₂(A). Givens: Small diagonal entry a=0.7; Final data error b=0.4.

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6. Undergraduate · Chapter 106

   Logistic differential equations · Capacity K=2; Growth rate r=0.8

   Evaluate at t=3 time units. Find the amount, instantaneous growth rate, and equilibrium capacity. Givens: Capacity K=2; Growth rate r=0.8.

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7. Undergraduate · Chapter 107

   Harmonic oscillators · Angular frequency ω=1; Initial displacement b=-0.5

   Evaluate at time t=6π/5, retaining π during calculation. Find displacement, velocity, and conserved energy (y′²+ω²y²)/2. Givens: Angular frequency ω=1; Initial displacement b=-0.5.

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8. Undergraduate · Chapter 108

   Euler stability · Decay rate a=2; Step size h=0.8

   Use n=6 updates, corresponding to time t=nh=4.8. Find the Euler value, exact value at the same time, and stability classification from the amplification factor. Givens: Decay rate a=2; Step size h=0.8.

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9. Undergraduate · Chapter 109

   Newton root iteration · Number whose root is sought A=15; Positive starting guess b=7.5

   Perform exactly n=4 updates. Find x₄, its equation residual x₄²−A, and its absolute error relative to √A. Givens: Number whose root is sought A=15; Positive starting guess b=7.5.

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10. Undergraduate · Chapter 110

    Two-state Markov chains · Transition 1 → 2: p=0.5; Transition 2 → 1: q=0.6

    Use n=7 transitions. Find the probability of state 1, its stationary probability, and the signed convergence multiplier. Givens: Transition 1 → 2: p=0.5; Transition 2 → 1: q=0.6.

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11. Undergraduate · Chapter 111

    Orthogonal projections · Vector horizontal a=-2; Vector vertical b=-1.5

    Use θ=6π/5 radians. Find both projection coordinates, the signed component along u, and the residual length. Givens: Vector horizontal a=-2; Vector vertical b=-1.5.

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12. Undergraduate · Chapter 112

    Diagonal eigenmodes · First eigenvalue a=0; Second eigenvalue b=0.5

    Use the completed matrix transformation at the animation endpoint. Find the image of (1,1), the determinant, and the unsigned area of the square's image. Givens: First eigenvalue a=0; Second eigenvalue b=0.5.

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13. Undergraduate · Chapter 113

    Matrix conditioning · Small diagonal entry a=0.75; Final data error b=0.5

    Use the current perturbation δ=0.3, so Δb=(0,0.3). Find the solution perturbation and the Euclidean condition number κ₂(A). Givens: Small diagonal entry a=0.75; Final data error b=0.5.

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14. Undergraduate · Chapter 114

    Logistic differential equations · Capacity K=2.5; Growth rate r=1

    Evaluate at t=3 time units. Find the amount, instantaneous growth rate, and equilibrium capacity. Givens: Capacity K=2.5; Growth rate r=1.

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15. Undergraduate · Chapter 115

    Harmonic oscillators · Angular frequency ω=1.5; Initial displacement b=0

    Evaluate at time t=6π/5, retaining π during calculation. Find displacement, velocity, and conserved energy (y′²+ω²y²)/2. Givens: Angular frequency ω=1.5; Initial displacement b=0.

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16. Undergraduate · Chapter 116

    Euler stability · Decay rate a=0.5; Step size h=0.3

    Use n=6 updates, corresponding to time t=nh=1.8. Find the Euler value, exact value at the same time, and stability classification from the amplification factor. Givens: Decay rate a=0.5; Step size h=0.3.

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17. Undergraduate · Chapter 117

    Newton root iteration · Number whose root is sought A=16; Positive starting guess b=8

    Perform exactly n=4 updates. Find x₄, its equation residual x₄²−A, and its absolute error relative to √A. Givens: Number whose root is sought A=16; Positive starting guess b=8.

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18. Undergraduate · Chapter 118

    Two-state Markov chains · Transition 1 → 2: p=0.6; Transition 2 → 1: q=0.7

    Use n=7 transitions. Find the probability of state 1, its stationary probability, and the signed convergence multiplier. Givens: Transition 1 → 2: p=0.6; Transition 2 → 1: q=0.7.

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19. Undergraduate · Chapter 119

    Orthogonal projections · Vector horizontal a=-1.5; Vector vertical b=-1

    Use θ=6π/5 radians. Find both projection coordinates, the signed component along u, and the residual length. Givens: Vector horizontal a=-1.5; Vector vertical b=-1.

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20. Undergraduate · Chapter 120

    Diagonal eigenmodes · First eigenvalue a=0.5; Second eigenvalue b=1

    Use the completed matrix transformation at the animation endpoint. Find the image of (1,1), the determinant, and the unsigned area of the square's image. Givens: First eigenvalue a=0.5; Second eigenvalue b=1.

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