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Grade 12 · Advanced · 15 minute lesson

Differentiate a normalized ratio

Apply the quotient rule and inspect its retained domain.

Lesson 16 of 30 in Grade 12. Take the time you need; the lesson estimate is a guide.

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01 · Read and understand

What you will learn

  • Apply the quotient rule and inspect its retained domain.
  • Justify the conclusion "f′=(1−x²)/(1+x²)²" using the stated assumptions.

Before you start

Product rule and powers.

Keep paper nearby. Read the question once for the context, then again to identify what is known and what you need to find.

Start with a question

Differentiate f(x)=x/(1+x²).

Why this math matters

Apply the quotient rule and inspect its retained domain. This worked micro-lesson connects a precise mathematical condition to a conclusion you can check. The transfer task asks you to change the setting and decide which parts of the reasoning still apply.

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Make a representation of your own.Sketch the quantities or relationships in this question before working through the solution. The cover image sets the learning scene; it does not show this problem’s exact values.

Set up the model

A useful answer starts with clear assumptions:

  • x is real.
  • The denominator 1+x² never vanishes.

02 · Work through the example

Follow the reasoning, one step at a time.

Try to predict the next step before reading it. After each calculation, explain why the operation makes sense and how it helps answer the original question.

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Work through it with Amar

See this example unfold.

The complete worked example, one idea at a time.

Text-led walkthrough · no audioAmar’s portrait was edited with AI.

Differentiate a normalized ratio

Paused

Question: Start with the question. Paused.

Question

Start with the question

Differentiate f(x)=x/(1+x²).

Before you calculate

Read what is known and what you need to find. Make a prediction before moving to the first calculation.

Starts paused. Play advances through the full text at a reading pace; pause whenever you need more time. Previous, Next, and the phase buttons let you set your own pace. Playback pauses when this walkthrough leaves the screen or you switch tabs.

Your device’s reduced-motion setting keeps each phase still. Manual controls remain available. The full written solution stays below.

  1. Build the model

    Numerator derivative is one; denominator derivative is 2x

    Both parts of the ratio vary.

  2. Work through the mathematics

    f′=[(1+x²)−x(2x)]/(1+x²)²

    The numerator order is denominator times numerator derivative minus numerator times denominator derivative.

  3. Check the conclusion

    f′=(1−x²)/(1+x²)²

    The denominator is always positive, so the derivative's sign depends only on 1−x².

The result

f′=(1−x²)/(1+x²)²

The denominator is always positive, so the derivative's sign depends only on 1−x².

Common mistakes to catch

  • Reversing numerator order reverses the derivative sign.
  • The denominator is squared after applying the rule.

03 · Practice independently

Try it before revealing the answer.

Use paper or a calculator as needed. Write your units and reasoning, then open the hint or explanation to check your approach.

Practice 1

Where is f increasing?

Show a hint

Solve 1−x²>0.

Reveal answer and explanation

On (−1,1)

The squared denominator does not change the sign.

Practice 2

Where are the stationary points?

Show a hint

Set the derivative numerator to zero.

Reveal answer and explanation

x=−1 and x=1

The original function and derivative are both defined there.

Take the idea with you

Analyze a response that rises initially but decreases after its normalization term dominates.

04 · Reflect and continue

Can you explain it in your own words?

Before moving on, explain the main idea without looking at the worked example. Try both practice questions, check your reasoning, and name one mistake you now know how to avoid. Return to a step if you still need support.

Next lesson

Up next: Differentiate a relation without solving it into one global function

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